One other habit I've adopted is not placing the computer directly on my lap, I now use a book to isolate me as a heat source. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH SYNTAX 2011-2012 ROLANDO ESPINOZAĬONTENTS Definitions Inflectional Paradigms Derivational Paradigms Intonation Patterns Position or Word Order Form Class Words Function Words Syntactic Combinations, Phrase Analysis, Immediate Constituent Analysis, and Sentence Formulas WHAT IS SYNTAX? The forms that English words may be given and the sequences in which they are arranged with other words to express larger, more complex meanings make up the syntactic pattern or system of English. Identification of a word class is not, then, a matter of “What do these words mean?” but “How do they fit into a pattern?” “What forms will they take?” and “How do they behave in combination with other forms?” (1999, Herndon) The way in which words are put together to form constructions (American Heritage Dictionary) The syntax of English –the third level of grammar and the third level of analysis –deals with the more complex combinations of linguistic forms. PARADIGMS The devices used by structuralists for establishing word classes in English include consideration of ways in which certain types of words can be grouped into sets, called paradigms, on the basis of the inflectional and derivational affixes that they will take. Inflectional paradigms They are sets of forms. Each set is made up of a base form (singular), plus whatever morphemic changes –either the addition of suffixes or sound changes or both –may be used to adapt the base form to certain functions without changing the lexical meaning. (1999, Herndon) For example, the inflectional paradigm for the class form (NOUNS) is made up as follows. NOUNS:INFLECTIONAL PARADIGMS Base (singular) Base Form + plural Base Form + possessive Base Form + Possessive plural teacher teachers teacher’s teacher’s desk teachers’ teachers’ rights student students student’s students’Ģ. DERIVATIONAL PARADIGMS derivational paradigms are made up of sets of endings that may be attached to bases that may shift their lexical meaning or part of speech or both. Some examples of noun-marking derivational suffixes are –hood, -ship, -ness, and –ment.
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